The fact that in nuclei containing chromosomes of various sizes, the chromosomes which pair together in reduction-division are always of equal size, constitutes a further and more important proof of their qualitative difference. This is supported also by ingenious experiments which led to an unequal distribution of chromosomes in the products of division of a sea-urchin's egg, with the result that a difference was induced in their further development. (Demonstrated by Th. Boveri in 1902.)英文原著 · 《Darwin and Modern Science》
With others, I regard the minimal amount of substance which is contained within the nucleus of the germ-cells, in the form of rods, bands, or granules, as the GERM-SUBSTANCE or GERM-PLASM, and I call the individual granules IDS. There is always a multiplicity of such ids present in the nucleus, either occurring individually, or united in the form of rods or bands (chromosomes). Each id contains the primary constituents of a WHOLE individual, so that several ids are concerned in the development of a new individual.英文原著 · 《Darwin and Modern Science》
Each half-chromosome is connected with one of the spindle poles only and is then drawn towards that pole. (These important facts, suspected by W. Flemming in 1882, were demonstrated by E. Heuser, L. Guignard, E. van Beneden, M. Nussbaum, and C. Rabl.)英文原著 · 《Darwin and Modern Science》
As the contraction and rod-like separation of the chromosomes serve to isnure the transmission of all hereditary units in the products of division of a nucleus, so, on the other hand, the reticular distension of each chromosome in the so-called resting nucleus may effect a separation of the carriers of hereditary units from each other and facilitate the specific activity of each of them.英文原著 · 《Darwin and Modern Science》
Someday, scientists will discover That second X chromosome contains nothing But nonsense and twaddle.美剧 · 《The Big Bang Theory》
And in the other case, the sperm is carrying an X chromosome, And in the other case, the sperm is carrying an X chromosome,演讲 · 《Is anatomy destiny ~ Alice Dreger》
And what it means to marry a woman means you have a Y chromosome. and what it means to marry a woman means you have a Y chromosome.演讲 · 《Is anatomy destiny ~ Alice Dreger》