Chance is the negation of necessity. It is a contradiction to say `This happened by accident,' for the word `by' expressed a cause.''
[1] Windelband: Die Lehren vom Zufall. Berlin 1870. Hfler[1] says most intelligently, that the contradiction of the idea of chance by the causal law may be easily solved by indicating the especial relativity of the concept. (Accidental with regard to _*one_, but otherwise appearing as a possible causal series). [1] Cf. Freud: Psychopathologie des Alltagsleben. The lesson of these definitions is obvious.英文原著 · 《Criminal Psychology》
Mark with serene impartiality The strife of things, and yet be comforted, Knowing that by the chain causality All separate existences are wed Into one supreme whole, whose utterance Is joy, or holier praise! surely this were governance英文原著 · 《Charmides and Other》
CATTELL, 231, 259. Causal principle, as method, 118; mis- takes in inference of, 119; nexus of, and observation, 120; and habit, 126. Causation, law of, neglected, 5. Cause, similarity to effect, 121; and impulse, 121; danger of argument from, 123,; and immediately pre- ceding condition, 123; not apriori, 126. Chance, 159; and law, 161; theory of, 160. Change, in effect, 12. Character, correlated with crime, 55; and promises, 58; and religion, 387; and laughter, 396. Character-units, somatic, 69.英文原著 · 《Criminal Psychology》
DRUCKER, 492. Drugs, influence of on sense of touch, 215. Duality, of causal problem, 118. DUCHENNE, 85. Duplication and imitation, 415. Dying, memory of the, 274. E EBBINGHAUS, 259, 260, 262, 265, 271. ECKARTSHAUSEN, 1.英文原著 · 《Criminal Psychology》
Need, and crime, 57. NEUMANN, 319. NEWTON, 101, 251. Nexusl causal, and observation, 120. NOEL, 84, 252. Normal people, auditory illusions of, 446. Nostalgia, 77. Number, and judgment, 174.英文原著 · 《Criminal Psychology》
To sum up: the idea of organic evolution, older than Aristotle, slowly developed from the stage of suggestion to the stage of verification, and the first convincing verification was Darwin's; from being an a priori anticipation it has become an interpretation of nature, and Darwin is still the chief interpreter; from being a modal interpretation it has advanced to the rank of a causal theory, the most convincing part of which men will never cease to call Darwinism.英文原著 · 《Darwin and Modern Science》
You can't use the term "in exchange." It implies causality. That's basically extortion.美剧 · 《Sillicon Valley》